縫紉就是(shi)把衣片縫合成(cheng)服裝的(de)工藝。可分為手縫工藝、機縫工藝、特(te)殊工藝等。

　　手縫工藝

　　采用(yong)手(shou)針(zhen)(zhen)進行縫(feng)制的工藝(yi)。是(shi)中國的傳統手(shou)工技(ji)藝(yi)。很多針(zhen)(zhen)法及(ji)其作用(yong)尚不能用(yong)現(xian)代(dai)縫(feng)紉機替代(dai)。具有線(xian)跡精細(xi)、平(ping)整，針(zhen)(zhen)法豐富等特點，被(bei)譽為高檔工藝(yi)。　手(shou)縫(feng)工藝(yi)的主要工具是(shi)手(shou)縫(feng)針(zhen)(zhen)和頂針(zhen)(zhen)箍(gu)。絲綢等纖維(wei)較細(xi)的織物(wu)宜(yi)用(yong)7～9號(hao)針(zhen)(zhen);鎖(suo)眼釘紐宜(yi)用(yong)4～5號(hao)針(zhen)(zhen)，一般毛料則用(yong)粗細(xi)適中的6～8號(hao)針(zhen)(zhen)。

　　機縫工藝

　　采用(yong)(yong)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)紉(ren)機進行(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)制的(de)工藝。具(ju)有針跡(ji)整(zheng)齊、工效(xiao)高等優點。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)機縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)工藝有以下(xia)幾種。①合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(含兜縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng));將(jiang)(jiang)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)組合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)暗縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)組合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)或(huo)袋蓋、衣(yi)(yi)領、袖頭(tou)等三邊(bian)(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)翻轉部件。②包(bao)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：以一層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)包(bao)住(zhu)另(ling)一層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)，再作第二(er)或(huo)第三次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)。有明(ming)(ming)(ming)包(bao)，暗包(bao)之別。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)布(bu)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)不鎖邊(bian)(bian)的(de)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)。③咬縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：由上下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)咬住(zhu)中間一層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)，正面(mian)緝(ji)(ji)明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袖頭(tou)、腰(yao)頭(tou)等。④騎縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊織物(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)(不疊(die)起)，在(zai)銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)處(chu)緝(ji)(ji)W狀線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)，使兩(liang)(liang)塊布(bu)互(hu)相牽牢。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)高檔服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)襯布(bu)拼接(jie)(jie)和收顙。⑤平接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊織物(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)拼接(jie)(jie)，互(hu)為銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)補充。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)長衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)部件等。⑥平疊(die)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊織物(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)重疊(die)，居中縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)襯布(bu)拼接(jie)(jie)和收顙等。⑦來去縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：將(jiang)(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)塊衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)疊(die)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，先沿毛口(kou)正面(mian)緝(ji)(ji)狹(xia)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(3cm)再在(zai)反面(mian)緝(ji)(ji)闊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(約7cm)。多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單衣(yi)(yi)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。⑧分緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)疊(die)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)分開，兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)各(ge)緝(ji)(ji)一道(dao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)。常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不易折轉的(de)衣(yi)(yi)料(如(ru)皮革(ge))或(huo)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)等。⑨坐緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)傾倒，正面(mian)作第二(er)次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)。常用(yong)(yong)作固定(ding)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)或(huo)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)。⑩分坐緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)塊衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)先合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)緝(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)傾倒縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)分開，在(zai)分縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)上緝(ji)(ji)一道(dao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)。服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)加工中多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)布(bu)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)前(qian)袖縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、褲襠縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、后(hou)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)等。壓緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(悶緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng))：上層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)折光，覆(fu)蓋下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)，一次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)成型(xing)。多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)后(hou)過肩或(huo)呈(cheng)圓弧型(xing)、尖角(jiao)型(xing)等部件的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)接(jie)(jie)。漏落(luo)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：明(ming)(ming)(ming)緝(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)漏落(luo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)分縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)槽內或(huo)緊挨坐縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)(bian)沿，既能使線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)暗藏，又能固定(ding)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)。常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)腰(yao)頭(tou)、里襟等。卷邊(bian)(bian)：用(yong)(yong)卷邊(bian)(bian)壓腳(jiao)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)手指將(jiang)(jiang)衣(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)毛口(kou)卷光。常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單衣(yi)(yi)或(huo)衣(yi)(yi)里的(de)下(xia)口(kou)邊(bian)(bian)。倒回針：在(zai)原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)上往返(fan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)緝(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)始末加固，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)封(feng)口(kou)，叉封(feng)口(kou)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)帶襻等。

　　現代(dai)(dai)(dai)服裝加工(gong)(gong)的(de)主(zhu)要機縫(feng)設備，除(chu)高速平縫(feng)縫(feng)紉機(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)平縫(feng)機)外，還有(you)多(duo)針多(duo)線包(bao)(bao)縫(feng)縫(feng)紉機(簡(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)包(bao)(bao)縫(feng)機)以及取(qu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)手工(gong)(gong)的(de)開袋、鎖眼、釘扣、扎駁、復襯(衣面與衣襯組合)、裝袖、裝褲腰、打褶(zhe)等各種(zhong)專用(yong)單機，并(bing)有(you)多(duo)功能自(zi)(zi)動調速固體電(dian)路電(dian)子(zi)縫(feng)紉機問世。20世紀(ji)80年代(dai)(dai)(dai)，較先進的(de)機縫(feng)設備是自(zi)(zi)動縫(feng)紉系統，采用(yong)工(gong)(gong)業攝像機和電(dian)子(zi)計(ji)算機監控(kong)，能自(zi)(zi)動識別裁(cai)片的(de)樣式，傳(chuan)送并(bing)進行自(zi)(zi)動分(fen)類(lei)控(kong)制(zhi)。